1.
Association Between Numbers Of Ovarian Follicles And Fertility In Nili-Ravi Buffaloes
by Qaisar Shahzad | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Dr. Jawad Nazir | Dr. Mian Abdul Sattar.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: 6.1: Back Ground:
The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an important animal of livestock species. It has an essential role in the economy of developing countries. Buffalo is being used as dairy, beef and draught purpose. Despite so many qualities, the reproductive potential of the buffalo is lower than cattle. One of the reasons for low reproductive potential is smaller ovaries and low number of ovarian follicles. Due to these reasons superovulation and embryo transfer has not been much successful in buffaloes. There is no tool through which reproductive performance of buffaloes can be phenotyped. Antral follicular count can be a tool on the basis of which reproductive performance of buffaloes can be phenotyped
6.2: Hypothesis:
Higher the antral follicular count higher will be the fertility in Nili-Ravi buffaloes.
6.3: Methodology:
Ten Nili-Ravi heifers were used in the study to measure repeatability of antral follicular. Each heifer was scanned on alternating days from day 1 of estrous cycles to day 9 of the successive estrous cycle. Antral follicles were counted in different follicular waves and repeatability of antral follicles was assessed. In the 2nd experiment of the study 10 heifers were used to count antral follicles from day 1 to day 10 of the estrous cycle, on the basis of antral follicular count animals were divided into three groups, Low (1-4), Intermediate (5-8) and High (?9).Blood sampling was done on 7th day of estrous cycle to measure progesterone concentration of 3 animals from each group and an association was developed between antral follicular count and progesterone concentration. In the 3rd experiment, 25 Nili-Ravi buffaloes were used to antral follicles from day 1 of estrous cycle to day 10 of estrous cycle. , on the basis of antral follicular count animals were divided into three groups, Low (1-4), Intermediate (5-8) and High (?9). In the next heat animals were artificially inseminated and were checked for pregnancy on 36th and 60th day by using ultrasound. Animals pregnant on 60th day were considered as pregnant. After that association was developed between antral follicular count and fertility.
6.4: Results:
Buffalo can be phenotyped on the basis of antral follicular count. Follicular counts are highly repeatable in different follicular waves of same estrous cycle (0.83) and different estrous cycles (0.85) within individual animals. Follicular counts are highly positively correlated (0.91) with progesterone concentration. Higher the antral follicular count, higher should be the progesterone concentration. Antral follicular count is highly positively associated with (0.99) with fertility. Higher the antral follicular count higher will be the fertility.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1734,T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Rbst Treatment On Antral Follicular Count Plasma E2 P4 Profile And Esteus Behavior In Postpartum Nili Ravi Buffaloes
by Sadia naz | Dr. Amjad riaz | Dr. Jawad nazir | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2055,T] (1).
3.
Follicular Dynamics During Estrous Cycle In Sahiwal Cows
by Muhammad Yasir Arfat (2007-VA-102) | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr. Amjad Riaz | Dr. Jawad Nazir | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Pakistan by default is an agricultural country. Livestock is mainstay of the farming
communities and has exclusive position in national agenda of the development. It plays an
important role in poverty alleviation and can uplift the socioeconomic condition of our rural
masses. Livestock contribution to agricultural GDP is 55.9 % and its contribution to National
GDP is 11.8 % (Anonymous,2013-2014). Total cattle population of Pakistan is 39.7 M
(Anonymous, 2013-2014). Livestock, especially cattle, play an important role in agriculture
economy of Pakistan in form of milk, meat and draught power. Milk is one of the cheapest
sources of nutrition and is beneficial for the human health in all stages of life. Despite the
nutritional importance of milk, its per capita availability and consumption is low in our country.
This inadequacy is due to suboptimal performance of indigenous dairy cattle due to lack of
modern technologies in cattle farming.
Pakistan is blessed with the finest breeds of dairy cattle such as Sahiwal, Cholistani and
Red Sindhi. Sahiwal cattle breed initially named as Montgomery breed (Bos indicus) is one of
the important breeds of indigenous cattle in Pakistan having dairy characteristics. The average
milk yield is about 1500 liters per lactation with 4% butter fat. But still its potential of milk
production is far less as compared to the exotic breeds e.g. Holstein Friesian etc. This is
primarily due to compromised feeding and management and little attention in the past for the
selection and breed improvement in Sahiwal cows. Moreover, late age at maturity and longer
calving interval (Makuza and McDaniel 1996) are major reproductive issues in Sahiwal cows.
Introduction
2
Physiology of oestrus cycle has been extensively studied in Holstein cows ( ). With the
advent of ultrasonography in early 1980’s it became possible to study follicular and luteal
dynamics during the estrous cycle in detail in Bos taurus (Fortune 1994; Lucy et al. 1992; Savio
et al. 1988; Wolfenson et al. 1995), and some beef breeds of Bos indicus cattle (Bó et al. 2003;
Figueiredo et al. 1997) and in buffalo (bubalis bubalis) as well (Warriach and Ahmad 2007).
The benefit of these studies was that the information on follicular dynamics in Bos taurus breeds
has been used to manipulate the estrous cycle in order to improve estrus synchronization
(Thatcher et al. 1993; Twagiramungu et al. 1995; Wolfenson et al. 1994) fixed time artificial
insemination (FTAI) (Pursley et al. 1997; Schmitt et al. 1996a; Schmitt et al. 1996b;
Twagiramungu et al. 1995) and embryo transfer procedure (Mapletoft et al. 1994; Roberts et al.
1994).
Sahiwal is one of the established zebu cattle (bos indicus) milk breeds of tropical and
subtropical region. It is known for its remarkable power of endurance for hot climate, resistance
to ticks and other diseases and has high producing ability under harsh environment and low cost
of maintenance as compared to the Bos indicus and Bos taurus crossbreds. Due to its promising
dairy characteristics and better adaptation to tropical environmental conditions, both the semen
and female of this breed have been exported from Pakistan and in Africa and Australia.
Differences on the reproductive characteristics between Bos taurus and few breeds of Bos
indicus cattle have been reported like luteal tissue characteristics (Pathiraja et al. 1986), Graafian
follicle (DF) diameter (Figueiredo et al. 1997) and estrous cycle duration (Castilho et al. 1996).
However, surprisingly, there has been no thorough study on the reproductive physiology of the
estrous cycle in Sahiwal cows. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to determine the
Introduction
3
follicular dynamics, luteal tissue development and regression, estrous cycle length, timing of
ovulation, estrus signs and fertility.
It is hoped that these data will be helpful for improved assisted reproductive technology
e.g. AI, ET etc. (Andrabi and Maxwell., 2007), timing of the treatment of the various hormones
(Krininger et al., 2003) and development of new technologies like fixed time A.I, estrus
synchronization, super ovulation, embryo transfer in Sahiwal cows. Ultimately, these can
increase herd reproductive, productive performance and for preservation of Sahiwal cattle breed. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2183,T] (1).
4.
Effect Of Timing Of Artificial Insemination In Relation To Ovulation On Pregnancy Rate In Sahiwal Cows
by Waqas Ahmad (2007-VA-99) | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmed | Prof. Dr. Manzoor Ahmad | Dr. Jawad Nazir.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Sahiwal cow is the best milch breed among all Bos indicus throughout the Subcontinent. It is famous for heat resistance, tick tolerance, high milk production. It is also exported to different countries for its peculiar properties. These cows have low fertility when inseminated with frozen semen. Very little fragmented experimental data is available on reproduction of Sahiwal breed, which might be major reason of bad performance from reproduction aspect. The same rule of insemination as we know in Holstein (Bos taurus) when applied on our local animals did not yield similar results. The designed experiment was to determine appropriate time of insemination to improve reproductive efficiency in Sahiwal cows.
This experiment was conducted at Livestock Experimental Station Jahangirabad, District Khanewal Punjab. Eighty five (n=85) adult, multiparous, lactating Sahiwal cows having BCS ≥ 2.5 and weight 325–450 kg, more than 60 days post-partum with normal reproductive tract were selected for this study. Estrous detection was carried out twice daily with teaser bull for 30-45 minutes. Standing heat was considered when cow did not move away for 4-6 seconds with teaser bull being mounted on her. Cows were assigned randomly into four groups (0 h, 12 h, 24 h and 36 h) with respect to standing heat. Frozen semen from bull whose fertility is known to us having post thaw motility of 40% at least was used for insemination.
Ultrasound was used as tool for precise assessment of reproductive status of experimental animals. At the start of each replicate, both ovaries and uterus of all the adult Sahiwal cows were scanned with B-Mode Ultrasound console for presence or absence of fetus and CL or any structural abnormality, with help of 7.5MHz Trans-rectal probe. Pregnancy was diagnosed 35 day post AI. Results were analyzed by using statistical software (SPSS). Pregnancy per AI was compared amongst
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY
Summary
37
different insemination groups by using binary logistic regression test. Pregnancy was assessed retrospectively by plotting scatter graph using ovulation as our reference point.
The timing of ovulation was 20.64 hours from onset of standing heat. Mean size of ovulatory follicle at 0, 12, and 24 hour after standing heat was 13.52 mm, 14.52 mm and 15.39 mm respectively. The ovulation rate was 97%. Highest pregnancy per AI 57% (13/23) was observed in 0 h group, followed by 36% (8/22) in 12 h, followed by 25% (5/20) on 24 h group. Lowest pregnancy per AI 10% (2/20) was seen in group inseminated 36 hour after onset of standing heat (36 h). While retrospectively highest pregnancy per AI 67% (10/15) was observed in -18 h group, followed by 29% (6/21) in -6 h group and 32% (7/22) in +6 h group, while no pregnancy were observed 0% (0/12) in +18 h group. The overall pregnancy per AI was 33% (28/85) in Sahiwal cows. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2468-T] (1).
5.
Effect Of Synchronization Protocols (Pg And Ovsynch) On Estrus Response, Estrus Intensity, Ovulation Time And Conception Rate In Cholistani Cows
by Muhammad Awais Ajmal (2009-VA-370) | Dr. Aijaz Ali Channa | Prof. Dr. Nasim Ahmad | Dr. Jawad Nazir.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Cholistani cattle breed, like other milch breeds of our country (Sahiwal, Red Sindhi cattle), is one of the indigenous breeds of Pakistan having superior dairy characteristics. Being heat tolerant breed present in tropical and subtropical areas of Pakistan it has average milk production 1235 litters with 4.8% fat in it. To minimize the cross breeding of Cholistani cows, some efforts are being done for its conservation, through management and genetic improvement. Moreover genetic improvement, through artificial insemination (A.I) is in process. In recent times another important tool Fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) has emerged to improve fertility which usually is performed in association with a variety of estrus and ovulation synchronization regimens. Synchronization of estrus is actually to bring large group of females in estrus at a desired fixed time by manipulation of estrus cycle. Two synchronization protocols were compared. In PG group, each animal was treated with luteolytic dose of PGF2α (d-Cloprostenol 0.150 mg; Dalmazine, Fatro®, Ozzano Emilia Italy; 2 ml; i.m) on random stage of the estrous cycle and repeated after 11 days TAI was done at 72 and 84 h after 2nd PG. In OVS group each cow received an intramuscular injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH; 50 mcg of a GnRH analogue, Dalmarelin TM Fatro®, Italy; 2 ml; i.m) on random stage of estrus cycle (day 0). On day 7 these cows were treated with PGF2α (d-cloprostenol 0.150 mg; Dalmazine, Fatro®, Ozzano Emilia Italy; 2 ml; i.m), followed by second injection of GnRH on day 9 and TAI was done at 12 and 24h after 2nd GnRH. Estrus response and estrus intensity were higher in OVS group as compared to PG. Timing of ovulation was shorter in OVS group as compared to. Conception rate are also high in OVS group. Therefore it is concluded that Ovsynch protocol is helpful to improve ovulation and conception rate in Cholistani cows. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2523-T] (1).
